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Abstract

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a promising technology for clean and efficient energy production. PEMFC was initially developed for the space programs in the 1960s, but today, it finds its application in numerous engineering applications. Growing concerns about fossil fuel depletion and global warming, along with recent advances in renewable energy and the hydrogen economy, have further supported its development. This comprehensive review consolidates modeling approaches, performance analyses, thermal management strategies, and future prospects of PEMFC technology. The analysis of the characteristics of Voltage-Current (V-I) and subsequent examination of the fuel cell’s efficiency include the evaluation of thermal and other input parameters. For instance, adopting the optimum thickness of catalyst layers of the anode (0.0231 mm) and cathode (0.0315 mm) current collectors enhances the performance of PEMFC by 6.8%. Experimental results show PEMFC performance peaks at 65°C, with lower temperatures reducing power. Optimal humidity improves performance, but excess causes flooding. Active water cooling enhances thermal management, boosting power density and stability compared to passive cooling. It is also noticed that altering the temperature and input values of the fuel cell results in variations in voltage losses. Compilation of the scattered work and providing the readers with an inventory to comprehend about the gaps in this particular research area for future work advocates the novelty of this review paper.

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